by Janine Colman

 

Citrus

Citrus

sunwater
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Description

About 20 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees. Some are grown for their edible fruit such as oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit, mandarines, etc.

The citrus family crops longer than any other fruit tree. The fragrant white star-shaped flowers appear singly or in clusters at different times of the year, depending on the variety.

Growing

Citrus grows best in a very well-drained, friable, slightly acid, loam soil. They need full sun, protection from wind and regular watering, especially during the summer months. Once established, some varieties will tolerate light frost.

They also need regular fertilising, including large amounts of nitrogen, and potassium for good fruiting.

Growing in pots
All citrus can also be grown in pots, as long as the containers are large. Choose a container of twice the diameter of the root ball. (If the location is not sunny all year round, it is a good idea to place the container on a plant trolley to be able to easily move it into a sunnier spot as required.)

Use only reputable potting mix in containers, as garden soil would be too heavy for the root system to become established.

Plants in containers dry out much quicker than those in a garden bed, especially if the pot is terracotta which is porous. Especially during the hotter months a container can dry out within in a day! So make sure to water frequently.

Fertilising
Fertilise a little and often (a sprinkle around the circumference of the root ball, or the edge of the pot if in a container, about once a month or so) with a "Complete Garden Fertiliser", that has all the necessary trace elements and is available in a variety of brands.

Trees growing in the ground should be fertilised twice a year (August and February).
Trees growing in pots need more frequent fertilising (every six to eight weeks).
Water well before and after fertilising.

Tips:
Alternate Complete Citrus Food with Dynamic Lifter, or use 3-4 month Osmocote applied in spring and early summer.

Pruning
Prune only to remove dead, diseased and crossing wood.

Pests
Citrus trees are subject to a range of virus diseases and can be invaded by many pests including scale, leaf miner, bronze orange bug, spined citrus bug and fruit fly. Citrus are prone to collar rot, so plant it with the graft union well above the soil and keep mulch away from the stem.

Propagation
Citrus are rarely propagated by home gardeners as this is done by budding, a specialist task.

Secret TIP:
Citrus like regular overhead watering which will ensure juicier fruit. This does not mean that you have to water your tree from above each time you water, just hose down the leaves on occasion and do so regularly!

 

 

       

 

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